Optionally
AIPS-2015
Functional model
Causal model
Hierarchical process model
Analogies
Useful technical system
Principles of resolving technical contradictions
- Principle 1. Segmentation Principle
- Principle 2. Separation Principle
- Principle 3. Local Quality Principle
- Principle 4. Symmetry Change Principle
- Principle 5. Merging Principle
- Principle 6. Multifunctionality Principle
- Principle 7. Nesting Principle
- Principle 8. Weight Compensation Principle
- Principle 9. Preliminary Counteraction Principle
- Principle 10. Preliminary Action Principle
- Principle 11. Beforehand Compensation Principle
- Principle 12. Equipotentiality Principle
- Principle 13. The Other Way Around Principle
- Principle 14. Curvature Increase Principle
- Principle 15. Dynamic Parts Principle
- Principle 16. Partial or Excessive Actions Principle
- Principle 17. Dimensionality Change Principle
- Principle 18. Mechanical Vibration
- Principle 19. Periodic Action Principle
- Principle 20. Continuity of Useful Action Principle
- Principle 21. Skipping Principle
- Principle 22. Blessing in Disguise
- Principle 23. Feedback Principle
- Principle 24. Intermediary Principle
- Principle 25. Self-Service Principle
- Principle 26. Copying Principle
- Principle 27. Cheap Disposables
- Principle 28. Mechanical Interaction Substitution
- Principle 29. Pneumatics and Hydraulics
- Principle 30. Flexible Shells and Thin Films
- Principle 31. Porous Materials
- Principle 32. Optical Property Changes
- Principle 33. Homogeneity Principle
- Principle 34. Discarding and Recovering Principle
- Principle 35. Parameter Changes
- Principle 36. Phase Transitions
- Principle 37. Thermal Expansion
- Principle 38. Strong Oxidants
- Principle 39. Inert Atmosphere
- Principle 40. Composite Materials
Standard problem solutions
- Class 1
- Class 2
- Class 3
- Class 4
- Class 5
Lines of development
- 1. Mono-bi-poly of identical objects
- 2. Mono-bi-poly of various objects
- 3. System composition scaling-down
- 4. Segmentation
- 5. Evolution of surface
- 6. Internal structure evolution
- 7. Geometric evolution
- 8. Dynamisation
- 9. Controllability
- 10. Сoordination
Glossary
Literature

Line 1. Mono-bi-poly transition of identical objects

If a system does not perform well enough, it would be logical to add another system to help it. Such an integrated system is called a bisystem. In addition to increasing productivity, a dual system can have absolutely new properties other than the properties of an ordinary system, which often enables to perform actions previously unavailable.

«With one marker, you can outline everything in the world, except this marker. With two markers, you can outline everything in the world».This mock example shows the emergence of new possibilities when combining two systems into a new bisystem. Merging is interpreted in this case not only and not so much as mechanical merging of two systems. It is rather organisation of their shared use to perform the necessary function.

The number of components which can be combined into a single system is not limited. A squadron consisting of several vessels united by a single command can serve as an example in this case. Such a system formation, a polysystem, gets many more opportunities to perform its tasks than the equal number of vessels acting separately.

As a rule, an increase in the number of identical components of a system continues to a certain limit. Once achieved, a transition from a system with several identical components to a partially or completely scaled-down monosystem of a higher level.

Such a transition can be also seen in the case of the sailing ship. The first ships had one or two sails but, as the design of the ships improved, the number of sails increased. A multi-mast ship already carried dozens of large and small sails which were very difficult to control and required a numerous and well-trained crew. This continued until the steamship appeared in which numerous masts and sails were replaced with a higher-level monosystem – a steam engine with paddle wheels.

A present-day RoyalClipper pleasure craft has 41 sails

Upon arranging the system options along the line of sequential increase in the number of the components introduced, we have the “Mono-bi-poly” development line. According to the “Mono-bi-poly” line, it is possible to introduce into the system not only objects similar to those already present in it but also any other necessary objects offering new useful functions. Additional components are added to the system to improve the performance of a technical system, its reliability and the quality of the production process performance. The total of the system options following the “Mono-bi-poly” line is described in detail in book 1. Along with a detailed presentation of this line, its simplified version suitable for practical purposes can be used.

The sequence of generalised steps of the “Mono-bi-poly” line can be as follows. The initial option is a single object or system.

The following steps can be as follows:

introduction of an additional object into the system,
introduction of several additional objects,
transition to a higher-level monosystem

Most often, it is assumed that an object similar to the one already present in the system is introduced into the system. However, it is not necessarily the case. New objects, fields, and forces performing additional functions can be introduced into the system. The main rule of transforming a system according to this line is to ensure its functional deployment: to help the system perform its main function with a higher quality, or to ensure performance of additional useful functions.

Example. Street lamp
A single street lamp can light a limited area such as a section of a carriageway or a footpath. A double lamp lights both simultaneously. To light large areas in urban squares, lamps with four or five lighting elements placed in a circle which are enough to create a large light spot are used. However, in any case, its dimensions will be limited by the support spread.
Sometimes, it is necessary to light a large area, and its location is not known in advance. Such a situation occurs in case of natural and man-made disasters. If this line is logically continued, we arrive at a conclusion that a lot of lamps which need to be delivered to the right area, installed, supplied with electricity are necessary for that ... All of this is quite time-consuming and expensive.
If we look at the description of the “Mono-bi-poly” line steps, a transition to a supersystem can be observed at its end, as a rule. In our case, it is the use of a “lamp” of a higher level, a powerful light source which is more beneficial to use to light large areas. A space-based solar mirror of the finest light-reflecting film can serve as an example of such a system. The mirror is put into space and, if necessary, is oriented in such a way as to direct reflected sunlight to the area of the Earth's surface which should be lit.