Optionally
AIPS-2015
Functional model
Causal model
Hierarchical process model
Analogies
Useful technical system
Principles of resolving technical contradictions
- Principle 1. Segmentation Principle
- Principle 2. Separation Principle
- Principle 3. Local Quality Principle
- Principle 4. Symmetry Change Principle
- Principle 5. Merging Principle
- Principle 6. Multifunctionality Principle
- Principle 7. Nesting Principle
- Principle 8. Weight Compensation Principle
- Principle 9. Preliminary Counteraction Principle
- Principle 10. Preliminary Action Principle
- Principle 11. Beforehand Compensation Principle
- Principle 12. Equipotentiality Principle
- Principle 13. The Other Way Around Principle
- Principle 14. Curvature Increase Principle
- Principle 15. Dynamic Parts Principle
- Principle 16. Partial or Excessive Actions Principle
- Principle 17. Dimensionality Change Principle
- Principle 18. Mechanical Vibration
- Principle 19. Periodic Action Principle
- Principle 20. Continuity of Useful Action Principle
- Principle 21. Skipping Principle
- Principle 22. Blessing in Disguise
- Principle 23. Feedback Principle
- Principle 24. Intermediary Principle
- Principle 25. Self-Service Principle
- Principle 26. Copying Principle
- Principle 27. Cheap Disposables
- Principle 28. Mechanical Interaction Substitution
- Principle 29. Pneumatics and Hydraulics
- Principle 30. Flexible Shells and Thin Films
- Principle 31. Porous Materials
- Principle 32. Optical Property Changes
- Principle 33. Homogeneity Principle
- Principle 34. Discarding and Recovering Principle
- Principle 35. Parameter Changes
- Principle 36. Phase Transitions
- Principle 37. Thermal Expansion
- Principle 38. Strong Oxidants
- Principle 39. Inert Atmosphere
- Principle 40. Composite Materials
Standard problem solutions
- Class 1
- Class 2
- Class 3
- Class 4
- Class 5
Lines of development
- 1. Mono-bi-poly of identical objects
- 2. Mono-bi-poly of various objects
- 3. System composition scaling-down
- 4. Segmentation
- 5. Evolution of surface
- 6. Internal structure evolution
- 7. Geometric evolution
- 8. Dynamisation
- 9. Controllability
- 10. Сoordination
Glossary
Literature

Principle 26. Copying Principle

The Copying Principle stipulates that the cost of a system can be reduced by applying copies of the objects existing in a system or introduced into it.

Traditional definition of the principle:

Instead of an unavailable, complex, expensive, inconvenient or fragile object, use its simpler and inexpensive copies.
Replace an object or a system of objects with optical copies (images). Use scaling (increase or reduce copies).
If visible optical copies are used, change to infrared or ultraviolet copies.

Reducing the cost of a system is an important method to get it closer to the ideal. The Copying Principle shows the possibility of significant simplification and reduction of the cost of the system by using simpler copies instead of real components.

A copy of an object is one of the variants of a model. Just as any model, the purpose of the copy is not only to simplify the system with underlining its most important properties but also to have new properties characterising the system. If you replace complex, expensive, fragile equipment with its copies, it is possible to reduce the cost of the system. Optical copies provide a new property which is the possibility to increase or reduce the size of the model to better analyse the features of the object being copied. Optical copies can be considered in the infrared or ultraviolet bands which enables to have new properties in modelling real objects. Another advantage of optical copies is the possibility to use computer-aided technologies.

The Copying Principle works well where you need to reduce the cost of the system or create new properties of its components.

EXAMPLES

Example. Modelling buildings
When designing buildings and structures it is important to understand how a building built will interact with the prevailing air flows. To this end, models of buildings are used, they are inserted in the environment and are blown out in a wind tunnel.

Example. Training simulator
Any training simulator is a copy of a real machine: an aircraft, a car, a spaceship etc. Use of training simulators enables to train machine operators with a cost advantage.

Example. Bump copy
A bump – a raised area on the road surface – forces drivers to slow down at dangerous places on the road. However, this bump wears the vehicle suspension inevitably. The idea is to apply the marking to the road which looks like an obstacle to the driver and forces him/her to slow down.

Video examples

Helicopter simulator

Waiter copy

Roller coaster

A copy does not need to eat

Principle 25. Self-Service Principle

Principle 27. Cheap Disposables